Calluses

Calluses on the toe nails are thickened, hardened areas of skin that typically develop over time in response to repeated friction or pressure. They often occur on the top or sides of the toe nails and can be caused by ill-fitting footwear, abnormal foot mechanics, or repetitive activities such as running or dancing. Calluses can sometimes be painful and may lead to complications such as ingrown toenails or infections if left untreated.